Ucwaningo lokungcoliswa kwe‑LLM kunye nokuthintela ukuxhatshazwa

UChad Scira uphando indlela iimodeli zolwimi ezinkulu ezinokuchaphazelwa kwaye zisetyenziswe ngendlela enobungozi ukulimaza abantu, kwaye wakha iinkqubo zokukhusela ukulwisana nale mingeni. Umonakalo mkhulu: isantya sokuthemba kwiziphumo ze-LLM sidlule kwimizamo yethu yokuqinisekisa izimangalo, ngelixa abachasi banokupapasha imibhalo ngokuxabiso eliphantsi echaphazela ukuziphatha kwemodeli kunye neempembelelo zokukhangela zabantu abanobukho obuncinci kwi-intanethi.

I-round yotyalomali yabucala yafunyanwa ngomhla wama-3 ku-Okthobha 2025 ukuze kuqhubekekwe nolu phando.

Isishwankathelo soLawulo

Abantu abaqhelekileyo abanomkhondo omninzi omncinci kwi-intanethi bajongana nomngcipheko ongaphezulu wokunyuswa kwemiphumo yokugxekwa yi-AI kunye nokuchaphazela idatha. Umntu omnye onomdla unokutshala amabali amanga ukuba ukukhangela, izithuba zemidiya yoluntu, kunye nee-LLM zaphinda. Eli xwebhu lichaza iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuhlaselwa, iimpembelelo ezicacileyo kudumo nasekukhuselekweni, kunye nenqaku lokusebenza elisebenzayo lokufumanisa nokukhusela. Liphinde lichaze indlela iitatimende eziqinisekiswe nge-cryptography kunye nokubuyiselwa kwemvelaphi okwaziwayo okunganciphisa umonakalo kubantu nakubahlanganisi.

Izilaleli kunye nomfanekiso wosongelo

Izilaleli: abantu ngabanye kunye neenkampani ezincinci ezingenawo ubukho obukhulu kwi-SEO. Iimida: ixesha elincinci, uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali olulinganiselweyo, kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa ezinqongophele. Umchasi: umntu omnye onokuyila kwaye apose inani elikhulu lombhalo, asebenzise inethiwekhi ezilula zezixhumanisi, kwaye asebenzise iindawo ezingabonwayo kwinkqubo yokubika. Iinjongo: ukukrazula iziphumo zokukhangela/ze-LLM, ukonakalisa udumo, ukudala ukuthandabuzeka kubaqeshi, abathengi, amaqonga, okanye abameli.

Yintoni 'LLM poisoning'?

Ukungcoliswa kwe‑LLM kubhekisa ekulawuleni ukuziphatha kwemodeli ngeemixholo ezifakwe okanye ezilungelelanisiweyo — umzekelo, izithuba ezinobubi, amanqaku enziwe ngokwenziwa, okanye i‑spam kwiiforum — anokutyiwa ziinkqubo zokubuyisa ulwazi okanye asetyenziswe ngabantu njengezikhombisi, ekhokelela imodeli kwizidibaniso ezingamanga kunye namabali okudicilela igama.

Ngenxa yokuba ii-LLM kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisela ziqwalasela ubukhulu kunye nokubanzi, umchasi omnye onomdla unokumisela into imodeli 'eyibona' ngomntu ngokugcwalisa icandelo elincinci lewebhu. Oku kusebenza kakhulu kubantu abanobukho obulinganiselweyo kwi-intanethi.

Indlela idumela eliphazamiseka ngayo

  • Ukutshabalalisa kwe-search kunye nezentlalo - ukugqekeza iiphrofayili, iifama zeelinki, kunye nokuposa ngobuninzi ukuze kuchaphazeleke iimpawu zohlu kunye nezidibaniso zokugqiba ngokuzenzekelayo.
  • Ukungcoliswa kwesiseko solwazi kunye ne‑RAG - ukudala amaphepha eenkqubo (entity pages) kunye neenqaku ze‑QA ezibonakala zinxulunyaniswa ngokwe‑semantics kwaye zithathwa njengekonteksti.
  • Ukufakwa kwenkuthazo okungaqondanga - umxholo ohlaselayo kwiwebhu obangela ii‑agent zokukhangela ukuphindaphinda imiyalelo okanye ukukhipha idatha ebucayi.
  • Amaphuzu okuphela ane-backdoor - i-wrapper zemodeli ezinobungozi ezisebenza ngokwesiqhelo de kuvele izivakalisi zokuvusa, emva koko zikhupha amanga ajolise kumntu othile.

Imingcipheko eyongezelelweyo kunye neendlela zokwehluleka

  • Ukudilika kwemodeli ngenxa yokuqeqeshwa ngeempumo ezenziwe - imijelo yokubuyisa apho umbhalo ovelisiweyo wehlisa umgangatho wemodeli kwixa elizayo ukuba awucocwanga okanye ungaqatshelwanga ubunzima.
  • Ukufakwa kwenkuthazo okungaqondanga - umxholo ohlaselayo kwiwebhu oqinisekisa ummeli okanye isixhobo sokukhangela ukuba sikhiphe iimfihlo okanye ukusasaza ukudicilela igama xa ucetywayo.
  • Ukucoliswa kwevenkile ye-embedding - ukufaka iziqendu ezichasayo kwisiseko solwazi ukuze ukufunyanwa kuveze iimangalo ezingamanga ezibonakala zinentsingiselo efanelekileyo.
  • Ukukhutshwa okune-backdoor - ukupapasha ii-checkpoint eziguqulweyo okanye iiwrapa ze-API ezisebenza njengesiqhelo de kube kukho isivakalisi sokuvusa.

Iimeko ezicacileyo kunye nezalathiso

Iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko ngokunzulu

Ukubuyiselwa kunye noHlelo

  • Ukuhlolwa komthombo kunye nokunika ubunzima kwimvelaphi - khetha umxholo osayinwe okanye ohlolwe ngumshicileli; yehlisa ubunzima bamaphepha asandul' ukwenzeka okanye anedumela eliphantsi.
  • Ukuncipha koxesha kunye nexesha lokunyamezela - funa ixesha lokuhlala phambi kokuba imithombo emitsha ichaphazele iimpendulo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu; yongeza uphononongo lomntu kwizinto ezibucayi.
  • Ukufumanisa 'echo chamber' - qokelela iziqendu ezisondelene neziphindaphindiweyo kwaye unciphise impembelelo ephindaphindiweyo evela kummthombo omnye okanye kunethiwekhi efanayo.
  • Ukuchongwa kwe-outlier kunye ne-anomaly kwindawo ye-embedding - phawula amacandelo apho izikhundla zevektha zilungeleleniswe ngendlela yokuchasa.

Ukucoceka kwedatha kunye nesiseko solwazi

  • Iziseko zolwazi ze-snapshot kunye ne-diff - jonga utshintsho olukhulu, ngakumbi kwizinto ezimela abantu kunye nezinsolo ezinganazo imithombo ephambili.
  • Uluhlu lwe-canary kunye noluhlu lokwala - vimba ukufakwa kweedomain ezaziwayo ezisongelayo; faka iicanary ukuze ulinganise ukusasazwa okungagunyaziswanga.
  • Umntu kwinkqubo kwizihloko ezinobungozi obuphezulu - bhekisa izindululo zokuhlaziya iinyaniso zedumela ukuze zihlalutywe ngesandla.

Iitatimende eziqinisekisayo kunye nodumo

  • Iitatimende eziqinisekisiweyo nge-cryptography - izitatimende ezisayiniweyo ezivela koochwephesha kunye namaqumrhu avavanyiwe, ezipapashwa kwi-log efakwe kuphela.
  • Imephu zedumela - zidibanisa iinkxaso ezisayiniweyo kwaye zehlise indawo yokuqulathwe okuvela kubaphangi abaphindaphindiweyo okanye kwiinethiwekhi zeebhoti.
  • Izikhankanyo ezijolise kumsebenzisi - funa ukuba iimodeli zibonise imithombo kunye nenqanaba lokuzethemba ngamabheji obungqina bomthombo kwizimangalo ezibucayi.

Uluhlu lokujonga lweshishini

  • Mephisa izinto ezibucayi kwindawo yakho (abantu, iibrand, izihloko zomthetho) kwaye uqondise imibuzo kwiipipelines ezikhuselweyo ezinemiqathango yemvelaphi.
  • Yamkela i-C2PA okanye izatifikethi zomxholo ezifanayo zemixholo yeqela loku-1 kwaye ukhuthaze amaqabane ukuba enze okufanayo.
  • Landela impembelelo yemithombo emitsha ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye uxelele xa kukho ukuguquka okungaqhelekanga kwiimpendulo ezisezingeni lezinto.
  • Qhuba ukuvivinya okuqhubekayo kwe-red teaming kwi-RAG nakwi-ejenti zokukhangela kuquka iiseti zokuvavanya ukungeniswa kwezikhuthazo ngokungathanga ngqo (indirect prompt injection).

Ukuhlukumeza nokulimaza idumela nge-AI

Abantu abaqeshiweyo ngoku basebenzisa i‑AI kunye nokuzenzekelayo ukwenza ngobuninzi uhlaziyo kunye nokudicilela igama, beloba imibhalo ebukeka inokwenzeka kunye nemithombo engeyiyo elula ukuyinqamula, ukuyicoca, nokuyabelana ngayo kwakhona. Ezi nkqubo zibiza kancinci, zinempembelelo enkulu, kwaye kunzima ukuzilungisa xa sezandisiwe zizixhobo ezizenzekelayo.

UChad Scira ube nomava wokuhlaselwa ngokukhethekileyo kunye nokugxekwa okunxulumene neekhonkco ezifana ne-spam ezinjongo zokutshintsha iimpawu zodumo kunye neempembelelo zokukhangela. Ingxelo eneenkcukacha kunye nomkhondo wobungqina ugcinwe apha: Jesse Nickles - Ukuhlukunyezwa kunye nokudicilela igama.

Ithaksonomi yezoyikiso

  • Ukungcola kwedatha yokuqeqeshwa - ukungcola kwezixhobo zoluntu ezisetyenziselwa uqeqesho lwokuqala ngenjongo yokufaka ubudlelwane obungeyonyani okanye ii-backdoor.
  • Ubungcola be-RAG - ukutshala iinkcukacha kwiingqokelela zolwazi okanye kwimithombo yangaphandle esetyenziselwa iinkqubo zokubuyisa ngexesha lokwenza i-inference.
  • Ukutshabalalisa kwi-search/zentlalo - ukuqubha izithuba okanye amaphepha anamgangatho ophantsi ukuze kuchaphazeleke imiqondiso yokubuyiselwa kunye nokuhlelwa malunga nomntu okanye isihloko.
  • Iziphakamiso ezichasayo kunye nomxholo - ukuqulunqa i-inputs ezibangela ukuziphatha okungafunekiyo okanye i-jailbreaks eziphinda izimangalo ezonakalisa igama.

Iziganeko Zakutshanje kunye noPhando (nangeemihla)

Qaphela: Amhla angentla abonisa iintsuku zokushicilelwa okanye zokukhutshwa esidlangalaleni kwimithombo enxulumeneyo.

Kutheni oku kuyingozi

  • Ii‑LLM zinokubonakala zinegunya nangona iireferensi ezisekelayo zibe buthathaka okanye zifakwe ngabachasi.
  • Iipayipi zokubuyisa nokuhlela zinokunika ubunzima obugqithisileyo umbhalo ophindaphindiweyo, zivumela umntu omnye ukuba aguqule iziphumo ngokuxhomekeka kuphela kumthamo.
  • Iindlela zokuqinisekisa iinyaniso ezenziwa ngabantu zicotha kwaye zibiza kakhulu xa ziqhathaniswa nesantya sokwenza kunye nokusasazwa komxholo ozenzekelayo.
  • Abasolwayo abangenabo ubukho obukhulu kwi-intanethi babe sengozini enkulu ngokungalinganiyo kumonakalo odalwe liposti enye kunye nokuhlaselwa kobuwena.

Ukujonga nzulu kweengozi

  • Ukuhlolwa kokuqeshwa kunye nokukhangela amaqonga - uphando kunye nezishwankathelo eziveliswe yi-LLM zinokuphinda ziveze umxholo ocolisiweyo ngexesha lokuqesha, ukulawula, okanye kuhlolo lokwamkelwa.
  • Ukuhamba, indawo yokuhlala, kunye neenkonzo zezimali - uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lunokuphakamisa amabali amanga anokulibazisa okanye athintele iinkonzo.
  • Ukuhlala - xa sele kufakwe kwingqokelela yolwazi okanye kwi-cache, iimangalo ezingamanga zinokuvela kwakhona nangemva kokususwa.
  • Ingxelo eyenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo - umxholo owakhiweyo unokukhuthaza ukuveliswa komxholo owongezelelweyo, ukonyusa ubunzima obubonakalayo bobuxoki ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ukufumanisa nokuQapha

  • Misela izaziso zokukhangela ngegama lakho kunye namagama ohlukeneyo; jonga rhoqo imibuzo ye-site: yeedomain ezinodumo oluphantsi ezikukhangela.
  • Landela utshintsho kumaphaneli olwazi okanye kumaphepha ezidalwa; gcina izikrini-skrini ezinomhla kunye neekopi ezikhutshiweyo njengobufakazi.
  • Bukela iigrafu zonxibelelwano zentlalo ukuze ujonge ii-akhawunti zomthombo eziphindaphindayo okanye ukunyuka ngokuzumayo kokubhalwa okufanayo.
  • Ukuba uqhuba i-RAG okanye isiseko solwazi, yenza uhlolo lokuguquka kwezinto (entity drift) kwaye uhlole utshintsho olukhulu (large deltas) kwiiphepha zabantu okanye kwizinsolo ezingenazo imithombo ephambili.

Umhlahlandlela woKhuseleko - Abantu ngabanye

  • Shicilela isiza somntu siqu esinezitatimende zobuqu ezicacileyo, ibhayografi emfutshane, kunye neendlela zonxibelelwano; gcina ilogi yotshintsho enomhla.
  • Hlanganisa i-metadata yeprofayili kuwo onke amaqonga; fumana iiprofile eziqinisekisiweyo apho kunokwenzeka kwaye uzidibanise kwisayithi yakho.
  • Sebenzisa i-C2PA okanye izazisi zokuquka ezifana nazo kwimifanekiso ebalulekileyo nasezixwebhu xa kunokwenzeka; gcina iinguqulelo zomthombo ngabucala.
  • Gcina i‑log yobungqina enamanqaku exesha: iisikrini‑sikrini, amakhonkco, kunye nanoma yiziphi iinombolo zamathikithi epulatifomu ukuze zikwazi ukuphakanyiswa kamva.
  • Lungiselela iitemplate zesicelo sokususwa; phendula ngokukhawuleza kwiintshukumo ezintsha kwaye uxwebhu inyathelo ngalinye ukuze kubekho itrekhi ecacileyo yamaxwebhu.

Umhlahlandlela woKhuseleko - Amaqela nabaDibanisi

  • Khetha umxholo osayiniweyo okanye oqinisekiswe ngumshicileli ekuhloleni; sebenzisa iintsuku zexeshana ezisekelwe kwixesha kwimithombo emitsha.
  • Thintela ukufakelwa okuphindaphindiweyo okuvela kumthombo ofanayo kwaye susa iikopi ezisondeleyo kumthombo wenethiwekhi ngamnye.
  • Yongeza iibheji zobumvelaphi kunye noluhlu lwemithombo olubonakalayo kumsebenzisi kwizimangalo ezimalunga nabantu kunye nezinye izihloko ezibucayi.
  • Yamkela ukufunyanwa kwe-anomaly kwiindawo zokugcina i-embedding; chonga iivekta eziphambeneyo ezibangelwa ngabachasi kwaye wenze uhlolo lwe-canary lokubona ukusasazwa okungagunyaziswanga.

Uphando: Izatifikethi eziqinisekisiweyo nge-cryptography

UChad Scira wakha iinkqubo zeetatimende eziqinisekisiweyo nge-cryptography zokwakha ukwethenjwa kwizimangalo ezimalunga nabantu nezezenzakalo. Injongo kukubonelela ii-LLM kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisela ngezimangalo ezisayiniweyo nezikwazi ukubuzwa ezivela kubachwephesha abavavanyiweyo nezinhlangano, zivumela bumvelaphi obomeleleyo kunye nokumelana okungakumbi nokuchaphazela.

Iimigaqo noyilo

  • Isazisi kunye nobufakazi bemvelaphi: izitatimende zisayiniwe ngabantu/amagcisa aqinisekisiweyo kusetyenziswa i-cryptography yezitshixo zoluntu.
  • Ukugcinwa okunokujongwa: iziqinisekiso zibotshelelwe kwiilogi ezenzelwe ukongezwa kuphela nezibonisa ukungaphazanyiswa ukuze kuvunywe uqinisekiso oluzimeleyo.
  • Ukuhlanganiswa kokubuyisa: Iipayipi ze-RAG zinokubeka phambili okanye zifune iimithombo eziqinisekisiweyo nge-cryptography kwimibuzo ebucayi.
  • Ukuphazamiseka okuncitshisiweyo: ii‑API kunye nee‑SDK zivumela abashicileli kunye neepulatifomu ukukhupha nokujonga izatifikethi ngexesha lokungeniswa.

Idumela kunye neZilumkiso

Ngaphezu kweesiqinisekiso, ungqimba lwedumela luqoqa iinkxaso ezisayiniweyo kwaye luphawulisa abo basebenzisa kabi abaziwayo. Iinkqubo zokuxwayisa zazisa iinjongo xa kufunyanwa iintshutshiso ezihlelwe kunye okanye ukunyuka okungaqhelekanga, oku kuvumela ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye nezicelo zokususa.

Iindlela zoMthetho kunye neeNdlela zePulatifomu

  • Sebenzisa iindlela zokuxela zeqonga ezineepakethi zobungqina ezicacileyo: amakhonkco, imihla, izikrini-skrini, kunye neziphumo. Khankanya imigaqo-nkqubo enxulumene nokuhlambalaza nokuhlukunyezwa.
  • Phakamisa ngokusesikweni ngeenotisi ezifanelekileyo xa kufanelekile; gcina iilog zokunxibelelana kunye ne-ID zamatikiti kwindlela yakho yobungqina.
  • Cinga malunga nokwahluka kwemithetho kwimimandla malunga nokulimaza idumela kunye noxanduva lweeplatifomu; bonisana nommeli kwizigameko ezinobungozi eziphezulu.

Imephu yokuphunyezwa (Unyaka 1)

  • MVP: iskhema yesiqinisekiso kunye ne-SDK yomshicileli yokusayina izitatimende zobuqu kunye neemangalo zeziganeko.
  • Qhuba ipayiloti neqela elincinci leengcali nezinxibelelwano ezijongwe; misela iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa.
  • Ii-plug-in ze-RAG: zivule imowudi 'imvelaphi kuqala' yempendulo enika phambili imithombo eqinisekisiweyo kwizicelo ezibucayi.

Ukufunda okungakumbi (kunemihla)

Ubambiswano

Lolu phando luphambili kwaye luhlala luphuhliswa; uChad Scira wamkela ukusebenzisana nezinye iingcali kulo mbandela.

Ukuba unomdla wokusebenzisana, nceda uqhagamshelane ku: [email protected]