Ucwaningo Lokungcola Kwama-LLM Nokumelana Nokuhlukunyezwa

UChad Scira ucwaninga ukuthi ama-large language model angatheleleka futhi asetshenziswe kabi kanjani ukuze kulimazwe abantu, futhi wakha izinhlelo zokuvikela ezimelana nalezi zinsongo. Ingozi iphuthumayo: ijubane lokwethemba imiphumela yama-LLM lidlule ikhono lethu lokuqinisekisa izitatimende, kanti izitha zingashicilela kalula umbhalo oshintsha ukuziphatha kwemodeli kanye nemibono yokusesha yabantu abanobukho obuncane ku-inthanethi.

Kutholakale uxhaso lwangasese ngo-3 Okthoba 2025 ukuze kuqhubekiselwe phambili lolu cwaningo.

Isifinyezo Sokuphatha

Abantu abavamile abanemininingwane encane ku-inthanethi babhekene nengozi enkulu yokudicilela udumo okwenziwa yi-AI nokutheleleka kwedatha. Umuntu oyedwa onentshiseko angasakaza izindaba eziyiphutha eziphindaphindwa ngosesho, imithombo yezokuxhumana, nama-LLM. Lo mbhalo uchaza izindlela ezivamile zokuhlaselwa, imiphumela eqondile ekudumeni nasekuphepheni, kanye necebo elisebenzayo lokutholwa nokuvikelwa. Ubuye uchaze ukuthi izitatimende eziqinisekiswe nge-cryptography kanye nokutholwa kwemithombo okuqaphelayo kwe-provenance kunganciphisa kanjani umonakalo kubantu ngabanye nakubahlanganisi.

Izethameli kanye Nemodeli Yosongo

Izethameli: abantu ngabanye nezinhlangano ezincane ezingenawo ubukhona obukhulu ku-SEO. Imikhawulo: isikhathi esilinganiselwe, ibhajethi, nezinsiza zobuchwepheshe ezilinganiselwe. Isitha: umlingisi oyedwa ongakwazi ukukhiqiza nokushicilela inani elikhulu lombhalo, asebenzise amanethiwekhi wokuxhumanisa alula, futhi asebenzise izikhala ezingabonwa ezinqubweni zokubika. Izinhloso: ukuhlanekezela imiphumela yokusesha/nama-LLM, ukulimaza idumela, nokudala ukungabaza kubaqashi, amaklayenti, amapulatifomu, noma abameli.

Yini ukutheleleka kwamamodeli olimi amakhulu (LLM)?

Ukungcola kwama-LLM kubhekisela ekuphathweni kokuziphatha kwemodeli ngokusebenzisa okuqukethwe okufakwe noma okuhlelwe ngokuhlanganyela - isibonelo, okuthunyelwe okubhubhisayo, izindatshana ezenziwe ngobuningi, noma i-spam yamaforamu - okungagcwaliswa izinhlelo zokuthola imininingwane noma kusetshenziswe abantu njengemikhombandlela, kukhuthaze amamodeli ukuba abe nokuxhumana okungeyikho kanye nezindaba ezilimazayo zegama.

Ngoba ama-LLM nezinhlelo zokuthola imininingwane zihloselwe ukunikeza ububanzi nokumbozwa, isitha esisodwa esinesifiso singashintsha lokho imodeli 'ekubona' ngomuntu ngokugcwalisa ingxenye encane yewebhu. Lokhu kusebenza kakhulu kubantu abanobukho obulinganiselwe ku-inthanethi.

Indlela Idumela Eliphazamiseka Ngayo

Ukonakala Kokusesha Nokuqalekiswa Kwezokuxhumana - ukubamba iphrofayili, amapulazi oxhumano (link farms), nokuthumela ngobuningi ukuze kukhanselwe izici zokuhlelwa kanye nobudlelwane bokugcwalisa ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ukungcola kwesisekelo solwazi ne-RAG - ukudala amakhasi ezinto kanye namanothi e-QA abukeka efanele ngokwezincazelo futhi atholakale njengomongo.
Ukuqhuma komlayezo okungaqondile - okuqukethwe okusongelayo kuwebhu okubangela ama-ejenti wokuphequlula ukuphinda imiyalelo noma ukukhipha idatha ebucayi.
Imiphetho ene-backdoor - izembozo zemodeli ezinobungozi ezizenza njengezivamile kuze kufike amagama avusa, bese zikhulula amanga aqondiswe kumuntu othile.

Izingozi ezengeziwe kanye nezinhlobo zokwehluleka

Ukudilika komodeli ngenxa yokuqeqeshwa ngemiphumela eyenziwe ngokulingisa - imijikelezo yokubuyisela lapho umbhalo okhiqiziwe wephuca ikhwalithi yomodeli yesikhathi esizayo uma ungahlungwa noma unganikezwa isisindo.
Ukuqhuma komlayezo okungaqondile - okuqukethwe okusongelayo kuwebhu okuyalela i-ejenti noma ithuluzi lokuphequlula ukukhipha izimfihlo noma ukusabalalisa ukulimaza igama (defamation) lapho kucashunwa.
Ukungcoliswa kwesitoreji se-embedding - ukufaka izingcezu eziphikisanayo esisekelweni solwazi ukuze lapho kubuyiselwa ulwazi kuvezwe izimangalo ezingamanga ezibukeka zihlobene ngokomqondo.
Okukhishwayo okune-backdoor - ukushicilelwa kwama-checkpoint aguquliwe noma ama-wrapper e-API aguquliwe aziphatha njengokujwayelekile kuze kufike umugqa ovusa.

Amacala aqondile nezikhombo

Izinyathelo Zokunciphisa Ezijulile

Ukutholwa Nokuhlelwa

Ukuhlola Imithombo Nokunikeza Isisindo Sokulandelana - khetha okuqukethwe okusayinwe noma okuqinisekiswe umshicileli; wehlisa isisindo kwamakhasi amasha noma anedumela eliphansi.
Ukwehla kwesikhathi kanye nesikhathi sokubekezelela - cela isikhathi sokuhlala ngaphambi kokuba imithombo emisha ithinte izimpendulo ezinokubaluleka okuphezulu; engeza ukubuyekezwa komuntu ezimweni ezibucayi.
Ukutholwa kwamakamelo ezwi - hlanganisa izingxenye eziseduze eziphindaphindayo bese unciphisa ithonya eliphindaphindwayo elivela kumthombo noma kunethiwekhi efanayo.
Ukutholwa kwe-outlier kanye ne-anomaly endaweni yokufakwa kwe-embedding - khomba izigaba lapho izindawo zazo ze-vector zilungiswe ngenhloso yokuhlasela.

Ukuhlanzeka Kwemininingwane Nesisekelo Solwazi

Amabhasi Olwazi E-Snapshot Ne-Diff - hlola umehluko omkhulu, ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo zabantu kanye nezinsolo ezingenamithombo eyinhloko.
Izinhlu ze-canary nezokuvinjelwa - vimbela ukufakwa kwamadomeyini aziwayo asetshenziswe kabi; faka ama-canary ukulinganisa ukusabalala okungagunyaziwe.
Umuntu ohilelekile ekwenzeni izinqumo ezindabeni ezinengozi enkulu - hlela izibuyekezo eziphakanyisiwe zamaqiniso edumela ukuze zihlolwe futhi kunqunywe ngesandla.

Izitatimende eziqinisekisiwe kanye Nedumela

Izitatimende eziqinisekiswe nge-cryptography - izitatimende ezisayiniwe ezivela kochwepheshe nezinhlangano ezihlolwe kahle, ezishicilelwa kirekhodi elengezwa kuphela.
Amagrafu Wedumela - ahlanganisa ukusekelwa okusayinwe futhi ehlehlisa isikhundla sokuqukethwe esivela kubahlaseli abaphindaphindayo noma enethiwekhi zamabhothi.
Izikhombi ezibhekiswe kumsebenzisi - cela amamodeli akhombise imithombo nezinga lokuzethemba ngamabheji okubika imvelaphi ezimangweni ezibucayi.

Uhlu Lokuhlola Lwenkampani

Hlela izinto ezibucayi endaweni yakho (abantu, imikhiqizo, izihloko zomthetho) futhi udlulisele imibuzo emigudwini evikelwe enezimfuneko zokuqinisekisa umsuka.
Yamukela i-C2PA noma izitifiketi zokuqukethwe ezifanayo zokuqukethwe kweqembu lokuqala futhi ukhuthaze ozakwethu ukuba benze okufanayo.
Landela ithonya lemithombo emisha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi wazise ngezinguquko ezingajwayelekile ezimpendulweni ezimayelana nezinhlangano.
Qhuba ukuhlolwa kwe-'red teaming' okuqhubekayo kuma-agent e-RAG nakwababhrowsa kuhlanganisa namasethi wokuhlola wokufakwa kwemiyalo okungaqondile.

Ukuhlukunyezwa Nokwehliswa Kwesithunzi nge-AI

Abantu abangaqashwa manje basebenzisa i-AI kanye nokuzishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukhiqiza ngobuningi ukuhlukumeza nokulimaza igama, bedala umbhalo obukeka ungokoqobo nemithombo eyenziwe kabusha “sources” elula ukuyifaka ohlwini, ukuyikhasa, nokwabelana ngayo kabusha. Le mikhankaso ibiza kancane, inomthelela omkhulu, futhi kunzima ukuyilungisa uma isikhulisiwe yizinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo.

UChad Scira ubhekane ngokwakhe nokuhlaselwa okuqondiswe nokudicilela udumo okuhlangene nokuxhumanisa okwenziwa nge-spam okwenzelwe ukuchitha amasiginali edumela nemibono yokusesha. I-akhawunti eningiliziwe kanye nomkhondo wezezifakazelo kubhalwe lapha: Jesse Nickles - Ukuhlukumeza Nokulimaza Igama.

Uhlaka lwezinsongo

Ukungcoliswa kwedatha yokwokuqala kokuqeqesha - ukungcolisa ama-corpora omphakathi asetshenziselwa ukuqeqeshwa kokuqala ukuhlanganisa ukuhlobana okungeyikho noma ama-backdoor.
Ukungcoliswa kwe-RAG - ukutshala izisekelo zolwazi noma imithombo yangaphandle esetshenziswa imigudu yokutholwa ngenkathi kweqhutshekwayo yokucabanga (inference).
Ukonakala Kokusesha/Okwezokuxhumana - ukugcwalisa ukuthunyelwe noma amakhasi asezingeni eliphansi ukuze kushukunyiswe amasiginali okutholwa nokuhlelwa mayelana nomuntu noma isihloko.
Izicelo nezokuqukethwe ezihlaselayo — ukudala okokufaka okuvusa ukuziphatha okungafuneki noma ama-jailbreak avumela ukuphindaphinda kwezimangalo ezilimazayo.

Iziganeko Zakamuva Nezocwaningo (ngemihla)

Qaphela: Izinsuku ezingenhla zibonisa izinsuku zokushicilelwa noma zokukhishwa obala emithonjeni exhunywayo.

Kungani Lokhu Kuyingozi

Ama-LLM angabonakala enegunya ngisho noma izethenjwa eziyisisekelo zibuthakathaka noma zifakwe ngabahlaseli.
Izinqubo zokutholwa nokuhlelwa zinganikeza isisindo esikhulu kombhalo ophindaphindiwe, zivumela umdlali oyedwa ukuba aphambanise imiphumela ngenani lokuqukethwe kuphela.
Imizila yokuqinisekisa amaqiniso eyenziwa abantu ihamba kancane futhi ibiza kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nesivinini sokukhiqizwa nokusabalalisa kokuqukethwe okuzenzakalelayo.
Izisulu ezingenakho ukubonakala okukhulu ku-inthanethi ziba sengozini ngokweqile ekuthelelekeni kolwazi ngomlayezo owodwa nasekuhlaselweni kobunikazi.

Ukuhlaziywa Okujulile Kwezingozi

Ukuhlolwa kokuqashwa nokuphenywa kwepulatifomu - imiphumela yokusesha nezifinyezo ze-LLM ingaphinda iveze okuqukethwe okulimazayo ngesikhathi sokukhetha abasebenzi, ukulawulwa, noma izivivinyo zokungeniswa.
Izinsizakalo zokuhamba, izindawo zokuhlala, nezemali - ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kungaveza izindaba ezingamanga ezingalibazisa noma zivimbele izinsizakalo.
Ukuqhubeka - uma sesifikile ezisekelweni zolwazi noma ezimpendulweni ezigcinwe (cached), izimangalo ezingamanga zingaphinde zivele ngisho nangemva kokususwa.
Impendulo Eyakhiwe Ngokwenziwa - okuqukethwe okudaliwe kungaqalisa okwengeziwe kokudaliwe, okukhuphula isisindo esibonakalayo samanga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukutholwa Nokwengamela

Setha izaziso zosesho ngegama lakho nama-alias akho; ngezikhathi ezithile hlola imibuzo ye-site: yamadomini anezidumela eziphansi akukhuluma ngawe.
Landela izinguquko kumaphaneli olwazini noma kumakhasi ezinhlangano; gcina izithombe-skrini ezinemihla futhi thumela ngaphandle amakhophi njengobufakazi.
Qapha amashadi wezixhumanisi zenhlalo ukuze ubone ama-akhawunti aphindaphindayo asemithonjeni efanayo noma ukukhuphuka ngokuzumayo kokusetshenziswa kwezisho ezifanayo.
Uma usebenza nge-RAG noma isizindalwazi solwazi, qhuba ukuhlolwa kokushintsha kwezinto (entity drift) futhi ubuke izinguquko ezinkulu kumakhasi abantu noma ezinsolweni ezinganawo imithombo eyinhloko.

Umhlahlandlela Wezokuvikela - Abantu ngabanye

Shicilela iwebhusayithi yakho siqu enezimangalo zobunikazi ezicacile, i-bio emfushane kanye nezindlela zokuxhumana; gcina irejista yokushintsha enemininingwane yezinsuku.
Hlanganisa imeta-data yamaphrofayela kuwo wonke amapulatifomu; thola amaphrofayela aqinisekisiwe lapho kungenzeka futhi uwaxhumanise emuva kusayithi lakho.
Sebenzisa i-C2PA noma izitifiketi zokuqukethwe ezifanayo ezithombeni ezisemqoka nasemibhalweni lapho kungenzeka; gcina amakhophi awokuqala ngokuyimfihlo.
Gcina i-log yobufakazi enezikhathi: izithombe-skrini, izixhumanisi, kanye nanoma yimaphi amanombolo wamathikithi epulatifomu ukuze kusetshenziswe kamuva ekuphakamisweni kwendaba.
Lungisa amathempulethi okususwa; phendula ngokushesha ekuhlaselweni okusha futhi ubhale phansi zonke izinyathelo ukuze kube nomkhondo ocacile wemibhalo.

Umhlahlandlela Wezokuvikela - Amaqembu nabahlanganisi

Khetha okuqukethwe okusayinwe noma okuqinisekiswe ngumshicileli ekutholeni; sebenzisa izikhathi zokubekezeleka ezisekelwe esikhathini kumithombo emisha.
Nciphisa umthelela ophindaphindiwe ovela emthonjeni ofanayo futhi susa ukuphindwa okuseduze kwemithombo kunethiwekhi yomthombo ngamunye.
Engeza amabheji wokulandelwa komthombo kanye nohlu lwemithombo oluboniswa kumsebenzisi lwezimangalo eziphathelene nabantu ngabanye nezinye izihloko ezibucayi.
Sebenzisa ukutholwa kokungajwayelekile ezitolo zama-embedding; khomba amavector ayingxabano angajwayelekile futhi wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-canary ukuze uthole ukusabalala okungagunyaziwe.

Ucwaningo: Izitatimende Eziqinisekisiwe Nge-Cryptography

UChad Scira wakha izinhlelo zezitatimende eziqinisekisiwe nge-cryptography ukuze kukhuliswe ukuthembeka ezitatimendeni eziphathelene nabantu nezezenzakalo. Inhloso ukuhlinzeka ama-LLM nezinhlelo zokuthola imininingwane ngezitatimende ezisayiniwe, ezingabhekisiswa ezivela kochwepheshe nezinhlangano ezihlolwe, okuvumela ukulandelwa komthombo okuqinile nokumelana ngokuqinile nokutheleleka.

Imigomo Yokuklama

Isazisi nokusuka: izitatimende zisayiniwe ngabantu/izinhlangano eziqinisekisiwe kusetshenziswa ukhiye womphakathi wokubethela.
Isitoreji esingaqinisekiswa: izitatimende zixhunywe kumalogi okungezwa kuphela, acacisa uma eziphazamisekile, ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuqinisekiswa okuzimele.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kokutholwa: amaphayiphlini e-RAG angabeka phambili noma adinge imithombo eqinisekisiwe nge-cryptography ngezicelo ezibucayi.
Ubunzima obuncane: ama-API nama-SDK avumela abashicileli namapulatifomu ukunikeza nokuhlola izitatimende zokuqinisekisa ngesikhathi sokungeniswa.

Idumela Nokuxwayisa

Ngaphezu kokufakazela, ungqimba wedumela kuhlanganisa ukwesekwa okusayinwe futhi ubonise abasolwa abaziwayo. Izinhlelo zokuxwayisa zizenikeza izaziso lapho kuhlolwe ukuhlaselwa okuhleliwe noma ukukhuphuka okungajwayelekile, okuvumela impendulo esheshayo nezicelo zokukhipha okuqukethwe.

Iziteshi Zomthetho Nezepulatifomu

Sebenzisa imigudu yokubika yeplatifomu eneqoqo lobufakazi obucacile: izixhumanisi, imihla, izithombe-skrini, nemiphumela. Bhekisa ezinqubomgomeni zokudicilela phansi nokuhlukumeza.
Phakamisa ngezaziso ezisemthethweni lapho kufanele khona; gcina amarekhodi wokuxhumana kanye nama-ID wamathikithi njengengxenye yobufakazi bakho.
Qaphela umehluko wezindawo zomthetho mayelana nokwehliswa kwesithunzi nokuba nesibopho kwepulatifomu; xhumana nommeli ezimeni ezinengozi enkulu.

Imephu Yokusebenzisa (Unyaka 1)

MVP: iskimu lokufakazela ne-SDK yomshicileli yokusayina izitatimende zobunikazi nezimangalo zezehlakalo.
Qalisa uhlelo lokuhlola neqembu elincane lamachwepheshe nabahlanganyeli abahlolwe; hlela izinqubo zokuqinisekisa.
Ama-plugin e-RAG: sebenzisa imodi yokuphendula yokuqala egxile kwimvelaphi eqhakambisa imithombo efakazelwe yemibuzo ebucayi.

Okunye Ukufunda (nezinsuku)

Ukubambisana

Lolu cwaningo luphambili futhi luyashintsha ngokuqhubekayo. UChad Scira wamukela ukubambisana nochwepheshe abanye kulo mkhakha.

Uma unentshiseko yokubambisana, sicela uxhumane nathi ku: [email protected]